NAS Publisher is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.
An article may be retracted when serious concerns arise regarding its reliability, originality, ethical conduct, or publication integrity. Reasons for retraction may include plagiarism, data fabrication or falsification, duplicate publication, serious ethical violations, or significant errors that invalidate the findings.
Retraction decisions will be made following an appropriate investigation by the editorial team and, where necessary, in consultation with relevant authors or institutions.
Retracted articles will remain part of the scholarly record where appropriate, clearly identified as retracted, and accompanied by a retraction notice explaining the reason for the action.
NAS Publisher may also publish corrections or expressions of concern when retraction is not considered necessary.